NIT Driving Guide Kenya · 2026
NTSA Driving Theory Test in Kenya: Practice Questions, Road Signs & Model Town Board
Learn the rule → apply it correctly.
A practical theory-test revision guide with multiple-choice questions, Model Town Board exercises and clear links to the road-sign and practical-test guides.
Revision focus
What should you prepare for?
The theory test checks whether you understand Kenyan road rules and can apply them correctly. Learn the rule behind each answer: the wording of a question can change, but the road rule does not.
Published framework
NTSA driving theory test: what the rules say
Kenya’s published driver-training rules provide for theoretical and practical assessment. For the theory component, the framework states that the test includes continuous assessment and a final test and comprises a minimum of 50 multiple-choice questions.
Theory questions
Minimum number of multiple-choice questions stated for the theoretical test.
Test formatInternal school threshold
At least 70% aggregate in the driving school’s internal test before presentation for the driving test.
Before presentationPerformance-report level
The published rules refer to an 80% pass mark for theory and practical lessons in the learner performance report.
Training performanceThe 50-question minimum, 70% internal-school threshold and 80% performance-report level describe different parts of the training and assessment framework. Short online mock tests are useful practice tools, not proof of the official test format.
Official reference: Traffic (Driving Schools, Driving Instructors and Driving Licences) Rules / published curriculum.
Study map
What to study for the NTSA driving theory test
Focus on the topics that affect real driving decisions.
| Topic | What you need to understand | Best revision approach |
|---|---|---|
| Rules of the road | Keeping left, junctions, overtaking, stopping and parking. | Apply the rule to short road situations. |
| Road signs | Meaning and the action required from the driver. | Recognise the sign, then state the action. |
| Road markings | Lane lines, stop lines, arrows and crossings. | Ask what movement the marking permits or restricts. |
| Traffic signals | Lights and lawful traffic directions. | Know which instruction controls the situation. |
| Model Town Board | Roads, arrows, signs, markings, junctions and routes. | Plan the legal route before moving the model. |
| Right of way | When to proceed and when to give priority. | Identify who has priority before acting. |
| Roundabouts | Lane position, entry and exit. | Choose your lane before entering. |
| Defensive driving | Observation, following distance and hazard anticipation. | Choose the safest lawful action. |
| Human factors | Fatigue, alcohol, drugs and distraction. | Understand how each affects judgement and reaction. |
| Vehicle safety | Basic checks before driving. | Know what should be checked before moving. |
| Crash response | Safe and lawful action after a crash. | Avoid creating a second hazard. |
The published curriculum includes fundamental driving rules, the Highway Code, Model Town, defensive driving, human factors, observation, speed-and-distance judgement, road signs and road markings.
Essential sign revision
Know the instruction, not only the sign name
STOP
Come to a complete stop. Observe the road and proceed only when safe.
GIVE WAY
Give priority to traffic with the right of way. Stop when necessary.
NO ENTRY
Do not enter from that direction.
SPEED LIMIT
Do not exceed the displayed limit while the restriction applies.
Warning signs
They alert you to hazards or road conditions requiring extra attention.
Regulatory signs
They give instructions or restrictions that road users must follow.
For the complete sign catalogue and road markings, use Kenya Road Signs and Markings. Keeping the detailed sign material there prevents this theory guide from duplicating the road-sign guide.
Model Town Board
Read the board first. Move the model second.
The Model Town Board is a simplified road network used to teach and assess whether you can apply traffic direction, road signs, road markings, lane position and route choice correctly.
Traffic direction
Identify one-way and two-way roads. Follow the arrows.
Road signs
Check STOP, GIVE WAY, NO ENTRY and any other control on the route.
Road markings
Look at lane lines, stop lines, arrows and pedestrian crossings.
Lane position
Choose the correct lane before a turn, junction or roundabout.
Legal route
The shortest route is wrong if it breaks a traffic rule.
Route sequence
Start → direction → signs → markings → lane → junction → destination
Locate the start and destination, inspect the whole route, then move the model vehicle. Do not begin moving and try to repair an illegal route afterwards.
Model Town visual exercise
In the visual below, imagine you are instructed to travel from A to D. Before moving, check whether every road can legally be entered, which arrows control direction, where you must stop or give way, which lane you need before the roundabout and whether a parking area only appears to offer a shortcut.
Practice
NTSA driving theory test practice questions
These are original revision questions based on Kenyan driver-training subjects. They are not leaked NTSA examination questions and are not presented as the exact wording of a live test.
1. Which side of the road should a driver normally keep to in Kenya?
A. Right
B. Left
C. Centre
D. Any clear side
Answer: B — Left.
Kenyan traffic moves on the left, except where a lawful manoeuvre requires a different road position.
2. What must you do at a STOP sign?
A. Slow down and continue if the road looks clear
B. Sound the horn and continue
C. Come to a complete stop before proceeding safely
D. Stop only when another vehicle is approaching
Answer: C — Come to a complete stop before proceeding safely.
A STOP instruction requires an actual stop.
3. What is the main requirement at a GIVE WAY point?
A. Always stop for five seconds
B. Give priority and stop when necessary
C. Accelerate before entering
D. Sound the horn before proceeding
Answer: B — Give priority and stop when necessary.
GIVE WAY does not always require a complete stop, but you must yield.
4. You want to change lanes. What should you do first?
A. Move immediately and signal afterwards
B. Check mirrors and the traffic around you
C. Sound the horn continuously
D. Increase speed before observing
Answer: B — Check mirrors and the traffic around you.
Observation comes before the lane change. Signal and check the relevant blind spot before moving when required.
5. What is a blind spot?
A. A place where streetlights are not working
B. An area around the vehicle that cannot be adequately seen in the normal mirrors
C. A section of road with no signs
D. A road hidden behind a hill
Answer: B — An area not adequately visible in the normal mirrors.
Check the relevant blind spot before manoeuvres where another road user may be hidden from the mirrors.
6. When should you avoid overtaking?
A. When visibility or road conditions make the manoeuvre unsafe
B. Only at night
C. Only when travelling downhill
D. Whenever the road has more than one lane
Answer: A — When visibility or road conditions make it unsafe.
Overtake only where it is lawful and there is enough visibility, time and space.
7. Why should you maintain a safe following distance?
A. To prevent other vehicles from entering the lane
B. To reduce fuel consumption only
C. To give yourself enough time and space to react
D. To make overtaking easier
Answer: C — To give yourself enough time and space to react.
The space gives you a safety margin if the vehicle ahead slows or stops.
8. You approach a STOP sign and there is no visible traffic. What should you do?
A. Continue without stopping
B. Stop completely and then proceed when safe
C. Slow slightly and sound the horn
D. Move to the opposite lane
Answer: B — Stop completely and then proceed when safe.
The absence of other traffic does not cancel the STOP instruction.
9. What should you do when a police officer in uniform lawfully directs traffic?
A. Follow the traffic lights instead
B. Ignore the officer if the road is clear
C. Follow the officer’s lawful direction
D. Follow the vehicle ahead
Answer: C — Follow the officer’s lawful direction.
The Traffic Act requires drivers to obey lawful directions given by a police officer in uniform.
10. What should a driver do before entering a junction?
A. Increase speed
B. Observe traffic and identify who has priority
C. Drive into the centre and then decide
D. Stop in every case regardless of signs
Answer: B — Observe traffic and identify who has priority.
Approach under control and proceed only when safe and permitted.
11. What does a NO ENTRY sign mean?
A. Parking is prohibited
B. Entry is prohibited from that direction
C. Overtaking is prohibited
D. You must turn right
Answer: B — Entry is prohibited from that direction.
Do not enter the road from the prohibited direction.
12. What should a directional arrow on the road tell you?
A. The speed limit
B. Where parking is permitted
C. The permitted direction of movement from that lane
D. The distance to the next town
Answer: C — The permitted direction of movement from that lane.
Directional arrows help control lane and route movement.
13. What is defensive driving?
A. Driving slowly at all times
B. Driving in a way that anticipates hazards and maintains safety margins
C. Preventing other motorists from overtaking
D. Driving only during daylight
Answer: B — Anticipating hazards and maintaining safety margins.
Defensive driving is part of the published driver-training curriculum.
14. Why is fatigue dangerous to a driver?
A. It only increases fuel use
B. It reduces alertness, judgement and reaction ability
C. It makes road signs harder to read permanently
D. It affects the vehicle’s braking system
Answer: B — It reduces alertness, judgement and reaction ability.
A tired driver may observe hazards later and react more slowly.
15. Why should alcohol and drugs be avoided before driving?
A. They may affect judgement, perception and reaction
B. They make a vehicle consume more fuel
C. They only affect inexperienced drivers
D. They only affect driving at high speed
Answer: A — They may affect judgement, perception and reaction.
Human factors and their effect on safe driving are part of the official training curriculum.
Quick recall
10 rapid revision questions
STOP vs GIVE WAY
STOP requires a complete stop. GIVE WAY requires you to yield and stop when necessary.
Before moving from a stopped position
Check surroundings, mirrors, the relevant blind spot and whether it is safe to move.
Purpose of road markings
They regulate, guide and organise traffic movement.
Why speed-and-distance judgement matters
It helps you decide whether you have enough time and space to stop or complete a manoeuvre safely.
Approaching an unexpected hazard
Observe, reduce speed as necessary, maintain control and take the safest lawful action.
Vulnerable road users
Pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists have less physical protection and can be harder to see.
Before entering a roundabout
Reduce speed, observe traffic, choose the appropriate lane and enter when safe.
Why mirrors are not enough
Another road user may be in a blind spot.
When visibility is reduced
Adjust speed and driving behaviour so you keep enough time and distance to react safely.
At a crash scene
Avoid creating another hazard and follow the appropriate legal and emergency procedures.
Apply the rules
10 Model Town Board practice situations
The shortest route goes against a one-way arrow.
Do not use it. Choose a route that follows the permitted traffic direction.
You reach a STOP sign but there is no other traffic.
Stop completely and proceed when safe.
You reach GIVE WAY and traffic is approaching.
Give priority and wait until it is safe to proceed.
A parking zone appears to provide a shortcut.
Do not automatically use it as an ordinary through-road merely because it shortens the route.
You are in the wrong lane before a junction.
Do not cross a prohibited line to repair the mistake. Follow legal markings and avoid a sudden movement.
What should you identify before moving the model vehicle?
Start, destination, traffic direction, signs, markings, lane position and route.
Why are directional arrows important?
They show the permitted direction of travel.
What should you check before a Model Town roundabout?
Lane position, traffic direction, signs, road markings and your intended exit.
Should you memorise one Model Town route?
No. Learn how to determine the correct route from the road layout.
What is the best way to solve a Model Town question?
Work out the entire legal route before moving the model vehicle.
Avoid these errors
Five theory-test mistakes to avoid
Memorising without understanding
The wording may change. Learn why the answer is correct.
STOP vs GIVE WAY
STOP means a complete stop. GIVE WAY means yield and stop when necessary.
Ignoring Model Town arrows
Never travel against the permitted direction because a route looks shorter.
Moving before planning
Read the board first. Move second.
Learning names only
Know the action the driver must take after seeing a sign.
Final revision check
You should be able to explain the rule, not just remember the answer
If you know an answer but cannot explain why it is correct, revise that topic again.
- Explain STOP and GIVE WAY correctly.
- Recognise important road signs.
- Understand basic road markings.
- Follow directional arrows.
- Distinguish one-way and two-way roads.
- Identify who has priority in common situations.
- Select a legal Model Town route.
- Use the correct lane.
- Recognise unsafe overtaking situations.
- Explain blind spots and safe following distance.
- Explain defensive driving.
- Understand fatigue, alcohol and drugs.
- Identify hazards early.
- Apply road rules to practical situations.
Frequently asked questions
NTSA theory-test questions learners ask
Is the NTSA driving theory test multiple choice?
The published driver-training rules state that the theoretical test comprises a minimum of 50 multiple-choice questions.
How many questions are in the NTSA driving theory test?
The published framework specifies a minimum of 50 multiple-choice questions for the theoretical test. Online practice tests may use fewer questions.
What should I study for the theory test?
Rules of the road, Highway Code, road signs and markings, Model Town, right of way, defensive driving, human factors, vehicle knowledge and road safety.
What is the pass mark?
The published framework contains different thresholds for different stages. It refers to an 80% performance-report level for theory and practical lessons and at least a 70% aggregate in the driving school’s internal test before presentation for the driving test. Do not treat those figures as the same assessment.
Is the Model Town Board part of driver training in Kenya?
Yes. The curriculum requires learners to understand Model Town parts, directional arrows, signs and markings and to move a model vehicle correctly.
Should I memorise Model Town routes?
No. Learn how to identify the legal route from traffic direction, lanes, signs and markings.
Are these actual NTSA examination questions?
No. These are original practice questions prepared around Kenyan driver-training subjects. They are intended for revision, not as leaked examination material.
Where can I study all Kenyan road signs?
Use Kenya Road Signs and Markings. That guide owns the detailed road-sign topic.
Where can I prepare for the practical driving test?
Read NTSA Practical Driving Test Guide. For the full first-time licence journey, see How to Get a Driving Licence in Kenya in 2026.
Official references
Sources used for this guide
Kenya Traffic Act · Traffic (Driving Schools, Driving Instructors and Driving Licences) Rules / curriculum · NTSA Service Portal
Reviewed: September 2026 · Institutional / Technical review: Engineer Simon Barongo
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